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HMS Raven (1804)
HMS ''Raven'' was a ''Cruizer''-class brig-sloop built by Perry, Wells and Green at Blackwall Yard and launched in 1804. Although she embodied some interesting innovations tailored for service in the area of the Straits of Gibraltar, she was wrecked before she got on station and never tested them. Her captain, the innovator, was the subject of a miscarriage of justice at his court martial for the loss of the ship from which his career never recovered.
==Service==
She was commissioned under Commander William Layman in August.〔 Based on his experience in the Straits of Gibraltar with ''Weazle'' he suggested some modifications to existing vessels that would make them more successful in that area. ''Weazle'', with Layman in command, had been wrecked on 1 March 1804 when a gale drove her near Cabritta Point in Gibraltar Bay and smashed to pieces, with the loss of one man killed. Layman was a protégé of Lord Nelson, with whom he had served in three ships, and with Nelson’s support he was allowed to implement some of his ideas.〔
Layman only had time to make changes to ''Raven''s armament. He closed the two foremost ports and replaced their guns with a single 68-pounder carronade that he mounted on a traverse carriage (i.e., pivot-mounted) immediately before the foremast in a way that it could fire over the gunwales.〔Marshall (1823-1835), p.323-44.)〕 Similarly, a second 68-pounder, also mounted on a traverse, replaced the two stern chasers.〔 Should gunboats threaten a becalmed ''Raven'', she could present a powerful response on any azimuth.〔Other modifications he proposed, but was unable to implement in time, were pivot sweeps and "chinese sculls" or tub wheels, a type of (man-powered) screw propeller, so that ''Raven'' could manoeuvre more readily in the absence of wind.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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